1979

1979 is a common year starting on Monday.

Events

January

• January 1 - Sino-American relations: United States and the People's Republic of China establish diplomatic relations
• January 4 - State of Ohio agrees to pay $675,000 to families of dead and injured in Kent State University shootings.
• January 7 - Vietnam and Vietnam-backed Cambodian insurgents announce the fall of Phnom Penh, Cambodian capital, and the collapse of the Pol Pot regime. Pol Pot and Khmer Rouge retreat to Thailand
• January 8 - The French tanker Betelgeuse explodes at the Gulf Oil terminal at Bantry in Ireland - 50 dead
• January 16 - The Shah of Iran flees Iran with his family and relocate to Egypt after a year of turmoil.
• January 19 - Former US Attorney General John N. Mitchell released on parole after 19 months at a federal prison in Alabama
• January 29 – Brenda Ann Spencer begins to shoot out her window across the street to Cleveland elementary school in San Diego, California. Kills two teachers and wounds 8 students

February

• February 1 - Convicted bank robber Patty Hearst is released from prison after her sentence was commuted by President Jimmy Carter
• February 1 - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returns to Tehran, Iran after nearly 15 years of exile.
• February 3 - Khomeini creates the Council of the Islamic Revolution
• February 7 - Supporters of Khomeini take over the Iranian law enforcement, courts and government administration
• February 10-February 11 - Iranian army mutinies and joins the Islamic Revolution
• February 11 - Khomeini seizes power in Iran.
• February 14 - In Kabul, Muslim extremists kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs, who is later killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and police
• February 17 - The People's Republic of China invades northern Vietnam, launching he Sino-Vietnamese War.
• February 22 - Independence of Saint Lucia from the United Kingdom.

March

• March 5 - Voyager I passes Jupiter
• March 13 - In Grenada, Maurice Bishop leads a successful coup
• March 14 - In China, a Hawker-Siddeley Trident crashes into a factory near Beijing killing at least 200
• March 25 - The first fully functional space shuttle orbiter, Columbia, was delivered to the John F. Kennedy Space Center to be prepared for its first launch
• March 26 - In a ceremony at the White House, President Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel sign a peace treaty
• March 28 - Nuclear power plant accident at Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania, releases radiation
• March 28 - In the United Kingdom, Jim Callaghan's government loses a motion of confidence by one vote, forcing a general election
• March 29 - Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Petra, 6th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia dies in office. He is replaced by Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Mustain Billah ibni Almarhum Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Riayatuddin Al-Muadzam Shah, Sultan of Pahang.
• March 30 - Airey Neave, World War Two veteran and Conservative Northern Ireland spokesman, is killed by INLA bomb in British House of Commons car park
• March 31 - The Royal Navy withdraws from Malta

April-May

• April 1 - Iran's government becomes Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially
• April 6 - President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan is executed
• April 10 - A tornado hits in Wichita Falls, Texas killing 42 people. It was the most notable tornado of twenty-six that hit that day.
• April 11 - Ugandan dictator Idi Amin overthrown; Tanzania takes Kampala
• April 23 - Fighting in London between the Anti-Nazi League and the Metropolitan Police's Special Patrol Group results in the death of protestor Blair Peach
• May 1 - Greenland gets home rule
• May 4 - Conservatives win the British general election; Margaret Thatcher becomes the new prime minister.
• May 10 - The Federated States of Micronesia becomes self-governing.
• May 25 - American Airlines Flight 191: In Chicago, a DC-10 crashes during takeoff at O'Hare International Airport killing 271 on board and two people on the ground.

June

• June 1 - The first black-led government of Rhodesia in 90 years takes power, ousting Ian Smith
• June 2 - Pope John Paul II visits his native Poland, becoming the first Pope to visit a Communist country
• June 3 - A blowout at the Ixtoc I oil well in the southern Gulf of Mexico causes at least 600,000 tons (176,400,000 gallons) of oil to be spilled into the waters, the worst oil spill to date. Some estimate the spill to be 428 million gallons, making it the largest unintentional oil spill ever.
• June 4 - Joe Clark becomes Canada's sixteenth, and youngest, prime minister.
• June 12 - Bryan Allen flies the Gossamer Albatross, man powered, across the English Channel.
• June 18 - Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II agreement in Vienna.
• June 20 - a national guard soldier in Nicaragua kills ABC TV news correspondent Bill Stewart and his interpreter Juan Espinosa. Other members of the news crew capture the killing on tape
• June 23 - Sydney: New South Wales Premier Neville Wran officially opens the Eastern Suburbs Railway. It operates as a shuttle between Central & Bondi Junction until full integration with the Illawarra Line during 1980.

July-August

• July 2 - The Susan B. Anthony one-dollar coin is introduced in the US.
• July 9 - A car bomb destroys a Renault owned by "Nazi hunters" Serge and Beate Klarsfeld at their home in France. A note purportedly from ODESSA claims responsibility.
• July 11 - The space station Skylab returns to Earth.
• July 12- A "Disco Demolition Night" publicity stunt goes awry at Comiskey Park forcing the Chicago White Sox to forfeit their game against the Detroit Tigers.
• July 16 - Iraqi President Hasan al-Bakr resigns and Vice President Saddam Hussein replaces him
• July 17 - Nicaraguan president General Anastasio Somoza Debayle resigns and flees to Miami; Sandinistas form a new government on July 19.
• July 19 - The Marxist Sandinistas take control of Nicaragua
• July 19 - Maria de Lurdes Pintasilgo becomes prime minister of Portugal
• July 24 - Soviet Union exchanges Gerald Brook for spies Peter and Helen Kroger with United Kingdom
• July 31 - 400 Iranian pilgrims are killed after clashes with Saudi security forces in Mecca
• August 5 – Polisario signs a peace treaty with Mauritania
• August 9 - The first British nudist beach is established in Brighton
• August 27 - Lord Mountbatten and two children killed by the I.R.A..

September-October

• September 1 - The American Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 km
• September 7 - The Chrysler Corporation asks the United States government for $1 billion to avoid bankruptcy.
• September 7 - ESPN starts broadcasting.
• September 16 - Three families flee from East Germany by balloon
• September 20 – French paratroopers help David Dacko to overthrow Bokassa
• September 22 - The South Atlantic Flash is observed near Bouvet Island, thought to be a nuclear weapons test.
• October 14 - A major gay rights march in the United States takes place in Washington, DC, involving many tens of thousands of people.
• October 16 - 23 people die in Nice, France, when the coastal town is hit by a tsunami
• October 21 - 259 Muslim radicals occupy Kaaba and the Grand Mosque in Mecca. Saudi-Arabian army goes in to expel them
• October 26 - South Korean president Park Chunghee killed by KCIA head Kim Jaekyu.
• October 27 - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gains independence.

November

• November 1 - Iran hostage crisis: Iranian Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini urged his people to demonstrate on November 4 and to expand attacks on United States and Israeli interests
• November 2 – French police shoots gangster Jacques Mesrine in Paris
• November 3 - In Greensboro, North Carolina, five members of the Communist Workers Party are shot to death and seven are wounded by a group of Klansmen and neo-Nazis during a "Death to the Klan" rally
• November 4 - Iran hostage crisis begins: 3000 Iranian radicals, mostly students, invade the United States embassy in Tehran and take 90 hostages (63 of whom are American). They demand that the United States send the former shah back to Iran to stand trial.
• November 5 - The radio news program Morning Edition premieres on National Public Radio.
• November 12 - Iran hostage crisis: In response to the hostage situation in Tehran, US President Jimmy Carter orders a halt to all oil imports into the United States from Iran
• November 14 - Iran hostage crisis: US President Jimmy Carter issues Executive Order 12170, freezing all Iranian assets in the United States and US banks in response to the hostage crisis
• November 16 - Bucharest Metro Line 1 is opened, in Bucharest, Romania (from Timpuri Noi to Semanatoarea stations, 8.63 km)
• November 17 - Iran hostage crisis: Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini orders the release of 13 female and black American hostages being held at the US Embassy in Tehran.
• November 21 - The United States Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan is attacked by a mob and set afire, killing four. (see: Foreign relations of Pakistan)
• November 23 - In Dublin, Ireland, Irish Republican Army member Thomas McMahon is sentenced to life in prison for the assassination of Lord Mountbatten
• November 28 - The Mount Erebus disaster: an Air New Zealand DC-10 crashes into Mount Erebus on a sightseeing trip, killing all 257 people on board.

December

• December 5 - Jack Lynch resigns as Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland. His replacement is Charles Haughey.
• December 24 - Soviet Union invades Afghanistan
• December 24 - The launch of the first European Ariane rocket.
• December 27 - The Soviet Union seizes control of Afghanistan and Babrak Karmal replaces overthrown and executed President Hafizullah Amin.

Unknown dates

• The World Health Organization declares the world free of naturally occurring smallpox.
• UNICEF declares 1979 the "International Year of the Child."
• VisiCalc becomes the first spreadsheet program.
• Guardian Angels civilian patrol group forms in New York City.
• Sprengel Museum opens in Hanover, Germany.
• Windsor Tower was built in Madrid, Spain.

Year in topic

• 1979 in film
  • March 5 - Production begins on the Star Wars sequel, The Empire Strikes Back.
  • May 25 - Alien starring Tom Skerritt and Sigourney Weaver
  • June 15 - Rocky II starring and directed by Sylvester Stallone
  • June 22 - The Muppet Movie
  • August 15 - Apocalypse Now
  • November 1 - Production begins on Raiders of the Lost Ark.
  • December 7 - Star Trek: The Motion Picture
  • December 19 - Kramer vs. Kramer starring Dustin Hoffman
  • Caligula
  • Mad Max
  • My Brilliant Career
  • Monty Python's Life of Brian
• 1979 in literature
• 1979 in music
• 1979 in rail transport
  • Nickel Plate 765, a 2-8-4 steam locomotive, operates again under its own power after 21 years of static display.
• 1979 in sports
• 1979 in television
  • February 11 - 43 million viewers watch "Elvis!" on ABC.
  • Over 300 million households worldwide now own television sets.
  • First color television broadcasts in Greece.
  • General Hospital tops the yearly daytime television ratings in the United States for the first time.

Births

• January 15 - Mary Pierce, French-American tennis player
• January 16 - Aaliyah, American singer (d. 2001)
• January 20 - Rob Bourdon, drummer (Linkin Park)
• January 21 - Brian O'Driscoll, Irish rugby player
• January 24 - Tatyana Ali, actress
• February 9 - Mena Suvari, actress
• Feburary 9 - Zhang Ziyi, actress and model
• February 11 - Brandy Norwood, singer
• February 21 - Jennifer Love Hewitt, actress and singer
• March 12 - Pete Doherty, singer and guitarist (The Libertines and Babyshambles)
• March 30 - Norah Jones, musician
• April 4 - Heath Ledger, actor
• April 10 - Tsuyoshi Domoto, artist
• April 10 - Rachel Corrie, American activist (d. 2003)
• April 10 - Sophie Ellis-Bextor, singer
• April 12 - Claire Danes, American actress
• April 18 - Michael Bradley, basketball player
• April 19 - Kate Hudson, actress
• April 19 - Antoaneta Stefanova, chess player
• April 28 - Jorge Garcia, American actor
• May 24 - Tracy McGrady, basketball player
• May 25 - Jonny Wilkinson, English rugby player
• June 13 - Nila Håkedal, Norwegian beach volleyball player
• June 23 - LaDainian Tomlinson, American football player
• June 28 - Randy McMichael, American football player
• July 3 - Ludivine Sagnier, model and actress
• July 5 - Amélie Mauresmo, French tennis player
• July 21 - David Carr, American football player
• July 26 - Johnson Beharry, British war hero
• August 16 - Sarah Balabagan, Filipina prisoner and singer
• August 26 - Jamal Lewis, American football player
• August 28 - Robert Hoyzer, German football referee
• September 13 - Bjørn-Arild Berthelsen, Norwegian salvationist
• September 28 - Bam Margera, skater
• October 1 - Rudi Johnson, American football player
• October 14 - Stacy Keibler, professional wrestler
• October 17 - Kimi Räikkönen, Finnish race car driver
• November 6 - Lamar Odom, basketball player
• November 7 - Jon Peter Lewis, singer and songwriter
• November 13 - Ron Artest, basketball player
• December 12 - Nate Clements, American football player
• December 14 - Michael Owen, English footballer
• December 15 - Adam Brody, actor
• December 17 - William Green, American football player
• December 27 - Carson Palmer, American football player

Deaths

January-March

• January 3 - Conrad Hilton, hotelier
• January 5 - Charles Mingus, American jazz musician
• January 13 - Donny Hathaway, musician
• January 26 - Nelson Rockefeller, Governor of New York, Vice President of the United States
• February 2 - Sid Vicious, musician (Sex Pistols)
• February 7 - Josef Mengele, Nazi war criminal
• February 9 - Dennis Gabor, Hungarian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900)
• February 12 - Jean Renoir, film director
• February 14 - Reginald Maudling, British politician
• February 23 - W.A.C. Bennett, Canadian politician
• February 28 - Mr. Ed, talking horse
• March 1 - Mustafa Barzani, Iraqui Kurdish politician
• March 19 - Richard Beckinsale, British actor
• March 28 - Emmett Kelly, clown
• March 29 - Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Petra, Sultan of Kelantan and 6th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
• March 30 - Airey Neave, British politician

April-September

• April 4 - Ali Bhutto, President and Prime Minister of Pakistan
• April 4 - Edgar Buchanan, actor, Petticoat Junction (b. 1903)
• April 6 - President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan is executed
• April 10 - Nino Rota, composer
• April 23 - Blair Peach, Anti-Nazi League campaigner, killed by police during protest
• April 24 - Clayton Robert Berg, director
• May 11 – Barbara Hutton, America's "Poor Little Rich Girl"
• May 29 - Mary Pickford, actress, studio founder
• June 11 - John Wayne, actor
• June 17 - Duffy Lewis, baseball player (b. 1888)
• June 29 - Lowell George, musician ("Little Feat")
• July 3 - Louis Durey, French composer
• July 8 - Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
• July 10 - Arthur Fiedler, American conductor (b. 1894)
• July 12 - Minnie Riperton, singer
• July 16 - Alfred Deller, English countertenor (b. 1912)
• July 29 - Bill Todman, game show producer
• August 2 - Thurman Munson, baseball player
• August 12 - Ernst Boris Chain, German-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (b. 1906)
• August 27 - Earl Mountbatten, British World War II hero
• August 31 - Sally Rand, American fan dancer (b. 1904)
• September - Ismail Nasiruddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Zainal Abidin III, Sultan of Terengganu and former 4th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.
• September 8 - Jean Seberg, actress
• September 10 - Agostinho Neto, Angolan nationalist
• September 28 - John Herbert Chapman, Canadian physicist who directed the launch of the first Canadian satalite, Alouette 1.

October-December

• October 6 - Elizabeth Bishop, poet (b. 1911)
• October 10 - Christopher Evans, British psychologist and computer scientist (b. 1931)
• October 16 - Johan Borgen, Norwegian author (b. 1903)
• October 13 - Rebecca Clarke, composer and violist (b. 1886)
• October 22 - Nadia Boulanger, French composer and composition teacher (b. 1887)
• November 1 - Mamie Eisenhower, wife of Dwight D. Eisenhower and First Lady of the United States (b. 1896)
• November 29 - Zeppo Marx, American actor and comedian (b. 1901)
• December 7 - Prince Chahryar Shafik, nephew of the Shah of Iran
• December 23 - Peggy Guggenheim, art collector (b. 1898)
• December 27 - Hafizullah Amin, President of Afghanistan (b. 1929)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics - Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg
• Chemistry - Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig
• Medicine - Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield
• Literature - Odysseas Elytis
• Peace - Mother Teresa
• Economics - Theodore Schultz, Arthur Lewis

Templeton Prize

• Rev. Nikkyo Niwano