1990s
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Events and trends
The 1990s are generally classified as having moved slightly away from the more conservative 1980s, but otherwise retaining the same mindset. The 90s were marked with rapid progression of globalization and global capitalism following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. While optimism and hopes were high following the collapse of Communism, the backlash of the Cold War's effect was only beginning, precipitating the rise of terrorism in Third World regions that were once the frontlines for American and Soviet foreign politics, particularly in Asia. However, during the 1990s many First World economies such as the United States, Canada, Ireland, and South Korea, experienced steady economic growth for nearly the entire decade.
Many countries, institutions, companies, organizations, etc. viewed the 90s decade as "the greatest decade", meaning that almost all of them rebounded after many years of failure. Some examples include Apple Computer's revival of power after being at the edge of bankruptcy, breakthroughs in many fields of technology that includes the Internet, compact disc, virtual reality, etc., the discovery of oil and gas on many countries and Pope John Paul II's papacy reached its peak. Regardless, the 1990s brought tragic conflicts as well, like the Serbian-Croatian conflict, the Rwandan genocide, and the first Gulf War.
Technology
Graphic representation of the WWW
Science
War, peace and politics
- Reunification of Germany on October 3, 1990
- End of apartheid in South Africa (1990) and election of ANC government of Nelson Mandela
- Gulf War and United Nations embargo on Iraq in 1991
- North Yemen and South Yemen merge to form Yemen (1991)
- Break up of the Soviet Union in 1991 - the end of the Cold War, United States as sole world superpower.
- The bombing of the World Trade Center in 1993 by an explosive-filled van leads to awareness of international terrorism as a rising threat.
- Eritrea gains independence from Ethiopia (1993)
- European Union is declared in 1992
- Military actions in Somalia in 1993 lead to questions of the United States' role as a policing officer of the world. (see also, Black Hawk Down).
- Rwandan genocide kills one million people, in 1994
- The birth of the "Second Republic" in Italy, with the Mani Pulite investigations of 1994
- Peace process begins in Northern Ireland in 1995
- Balkan war in former Yugoslavia in 1995
- A decade of women presidents in the Republic of Ireland
- The United Kingdom hands sovereignty of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China on July 1, 1997
- U.S. president Bill Clinton's sex scandal with Monica Lewinsky and his impeachment trial in 1998, which lasts the entire year
- Anti-globalization protests
- The Second Congo War start in 1998 in central Africa and includes 5 different cultures and 7 different nations. It goes on until 2002
- In May 1999, Pakistan sends troops covertly to occupy strategic peaks in Kashmir. A month later the Kargil War with India results in a political fiasco for Nawaz Sharif, followed by a military withdrawal to the Line of Control. The incident leads to a military coup in October in which the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif is ousted by Army Chief Pervez Musharraf.
- Union of Soviet Socialists Republic (USSR) collapsed after Mikhail Gorbachev resigns in his position. Boris Yeltsin became the president of Russian Federation.
- Portugal hands sovereignty of Macau to the People's Republic of China on December 20, 1999
Economics
Culture
- Douglas Coupland publishes the novel Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture, popularizing the term Generation X as the name of the generation born in the late 1960s and early 1970s (then college-age)
- Reality Television explodes on MTV with the popularity of The Real World (1992-); Along with Road Rules (1995-), Real World/Road Rules Challenge (1998), Real World marathons, Road Rules marathons, and Real World Reunions, these shows remained popular throughout the 1990's.
- Grunge music gains widespread mainstream acceptance in the early part of the decade; alternative rock gains popularity as a result
- Rap music gains widespread mainstream acceptance in the late part of the decade
- Black becomes a dominant color in fashion, along with several dark colors (see Goth, The Matrix, and Regis Philbin)
- Trance, techno electronic music becomes widely popular in Europe/USA
- Dogme 95 becomes the leading European artistic film movement by the end of the decade
- Video games become more advanced. The more influential game systems include the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, the Sony Playstation, and the Sega Dreamcast, being one of the first to jumpstart the online gaming craze of the 2000s.
- Extreme sports reached a new height in popularity, and by 1995, were given their own annual tournament on ESPN, the X-Games
- Cartoons aimed at an adult audience become popular. Among the most successful are The Simpsons (1989-), Ren & Stimpy (1991-1995), Beavis & Butthead (1993-1997), South Park (1997-), King of the Hill (1997-), and Family Guy (1999-)
Fads & Fashion
Other significant events
People
World leaders
Entertainers
- 2pac
- Bill Hicks
- Adam Sandler
- Aaliyah
- Anthony Hopkins (The Silence of the Lambs, Titus)
- Ashley Judd
- Ben Affleck (Good Will Hunting)
- Billy Bob Thornton
- Bret Hart
- Britney Spears
- Bruce Willis (the Die Hard series, Pulp Fiction)
- Mariah Carey
- Dana Carvey (Wayne's World)
- Carmen Electra
- Christina Aguilera
- Cuba Gooding Jr (Boyz N the Hood, Jerry Maguire)
- Demi Moore (Ghost, Striptease, A Few Good Men)
- Denzel Washington (Malcom X, Mo' Better Blues, Philadelphia)
- Destiny's Child (Destiny's Child, The Writing's On The Wall)
- Ellen DeGeneres (Ellen)
- Elizabeth Berkley (Saved by the Bell, Showgirls)
- Friends: Courtney Cox, Jennifer Aniston, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry, and David Schwimmer
- The Fugees
- Harrison Ford
- Liam Gallagher of Oasis
- Noel Gallagher of Oasis
- Whitney Houston
- Halle Berry (Introducing Dorothy Danridge,Bullworth)
- Helen Hunt (Mad About You, Twister, As Good as It Gets)
- Jack Nicholson
- Jerry Seinfeld (Seinfeld)
- Jerry Springer
- Jim Carrey (Ace Ventura: Pet Detective, The Mask)
- Julia Roberts (Pretty Woman, Notting Hill)
- Kate Winslet (Titanic)
- Keanu Reeves (The Matrix)
- Kurt Cobain
- Leonardo DiCaprio (Titanic)
- Liam Neeson
- Macaulay Culkin (Home Alone)
- The Undertaker
- Martin Lawrence (House Party, Martin, Bad Boys)
- Mary J Blige (What's the 411?)
- Matt Damon (Good Will Hunting)
- Meg Ryan
- Mel Gibson (Braveheart)
- Michael Jackson
- Michael Keaton
- Michelle Pfeiffer (The Age of Innocence, Batman Returns)
- Mike Myers (Wayne's World, Saturday Night Live, Austin Powers)
- Mira Sorvino
- Nicole Kidman (My Life, Eyes Wide Shut)
- Notorious B.I.G.
- Oasis
- Phil Collins
- Pamela Anderson (Baywatch)
- Queen Latifah (Living Single, Set It Off)
- Quentin Tarantino (Pulp Fiction)
- Ralph Fiennes (Schindler's List, The English Patient)
- Samuel L. Jackson (Goodfellas, Pulp Fiction)
- Sandra Bullock (Speed, A Time to Kill)
- Shawn Michaels
- Stone Cold Steve Austin
- Tim Burton (Edward Scissorhands, Batman Returns)
- Tiffani-Amber Thiessen (Saved by the Bell,Beverly Hills 90210 )
- TLC (Lisa "Left-Eye" Lopes, T-Boz, Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas)
- Tom Hanks (Forrest Gump, Saving Private Ryan, Philadelphia, Toy Story, The Green Mile)
- Toni Braxton (Toni Braxton (album) )
- U2 (Achtung Baby)
- Uma Thurman (Pulp Fiction)
- Whoopi Goldberg (Sister Act, Ghost, Ghosts of Mississippi, Hollywood Squares)
Film
Sports figures
The original Dream Team's starters. Top Row: Barkley, Ewing, Malone Bottom: Johnson, Jordan
See also
External links
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