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In the United States, a black box warning is a type of warning that appears on prescription drugs that may cause serious side effects. It is so named for the black border that usually surrounds the text of the warning.
A black box warning means that medical studies indicate that the drug carries a significant risk of serious or even life-threatening adverse effects. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can require a pharmaceutical company to place a black box warning on the labeling of a prescription drug, or in literature describing it. It is the strongest warning that the FDA requires.
Black box warnings on drugs have received increased media attention in the United States in 2005. Among some of the more widely covered stories:
- The FDA has required that black box warnings be placed on all antidepressant medications warning they may result in increased risk of suicidal tendencies in children and adolescents.
- FDA advisors have recommended that Pfizer be required to place a black box warning on their painkiller Celebrex®.
- As of 17 November, 2004, the FDA has required a black box warning for long term use of the Depo-Provera contraceptive injection, as long term use may lead to significant loss of bone density. [[1]]
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